{"id":693,"date":"2021-08-22T15:52:36","date_gmt":"2021-08-22T14:52:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/toshareproject.it\/artmakerblog\/?p=693"},"modified":"2021-08-22T15:52:36","modified_gmt":"2021-08-22T14:52:36","slug":"bruno-munari-justifies-useless-machines","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/toshareproject.it\/artmakerblog\/bruno-munari-justifies-useless-machines\/","title":{"rendered":"Bruno Munari justifies useless machines"},"content":{"rendered":"


\nMUNARI<\/p>\n

Che cosa sono le macchine inutili e perch\u00e9<\/p>\n

Mettiamoci prima d\u2019accordo sulla funzione delle macchine inutili: che siano macchine non c\u2019\u00e8 dubbio, dato che \u00e8 una macchina la leva, volgarmente detta \u201cquel pezzo di ferro l\u00ec\u201d. Resta da chiarire l\u2019aggettivo \u201cinutile\u201d: inutili perch\u00e9 non fabbricano, non eliminano manodopera, non fanno economizzare tempo e denaro, non producono niente di commerciabile.<\/p>\n

Non sono altro che oggetti mobili colorati, appositamente studiati per ottenere quella determinata variet\u00e0 di accostamenti, di movimenti, di forme e di colori. Oggetti da guardare come si guarda un complesso mobile di nubi dopo essere stati sette ore nell\u2019interno di un\u2019officina di macchine utili.<\/p>\n

Le prime macchine inutili erano pi\u00f9 complicate e con movimenti limitati o perturbatori, mentre queste ultime, semplificate, trovano il loro motore nei fenomeni naturali, come spostamenti d\u2019aria, sbalzi di temperatura, umidit\u00e0, luce e ombra, ecc., assumendo l\u2019aspetto di vita propria paragonabile al movimento delle erbe di un campo, al mutare delle nuvole, al rotolare di un sasso in un ruscello. Vi possono essere macchine lentissime o velocissime, con infinita variet\u00e0 di movimenti, macchine da giardino, da casa, appese al soffitto, galleggianti in un laghetto, da tavolo, da terrazza e forse tascabili. L\u2019importante \u00e8 che siano assolutamente inutili.<\/p>\n

La n. 21 \u00e8 una altissima macchina da giardino, in ferro e legno, di colore grigio neutro; una sfera rossa, situata all\u2019estremit\u00e0 di una delle tre gambe di sostegno, ha dietro di s\u00e9 una parte mobile a elementi bianchi e neri, accoppiati, i quali, sospinti dal vento, girano pi\u00f9 o meno velocemente formando uno sfondo mutevole di grigi alla suddetta sfera rossa. Di sera una lieve luce bianca illumina questa parte.<\/p>\n

La macchina n. 19 \u00e8 da casa e va appesa ad un soffitto liscio, verde chiaro, che fa da sfondo. Tre elementi di diversa forma e colore girano con moto lento attorno ad una sfera di vetro dorato immobile al centro. Movimento planetario irregolare.<\/p>\n

La RGA9 \u00e8 una macchina da giardino, in cemento bianco e alluminio, con movimento a corrente d\u2019aria obbligata. Di sera la piattaforma fosforescente illumina la macchina. Altezza tre metri.<\/p>\n

E che cos\u2019\u00e8 \u201cun mobile\u201d di Calder (questa \u00e8 americana; Calder era un disegnatore di film animati, ora costruttore di macchine inutili che definisce \u201ci miei mobili\u201d)? Una macchina in ferro, dove due sfere diversamente colorate si muovono secondo una traiettoria obbligata, movimento limitato utilizzando la forza di gravit\u00e0.<\/p>\n

La macchina n. 23 \u00e8 galleggiante con leggeri movimenti di un timone nero attorno al complesso bianco e rosso dell\u2019alberatura e dei tiranti. Altezza da uno a sette metri.<\/p>\n

Ed ecco una piccola macchina inutile da tavolo con movimento interno di una veloce turbina a pale bianche e nere. La parte plastica \u00e8 ricavata da una di quelle zucche che servono a certi contadini per conservare l\u2019acqua, la parte mobile e le gambe sono in legno verniciato. (N. 11).<\/p>\n

La macchina F-1 \u00e8 da terrazza, in legno verniciato, con elementi mobili azionati dal vento o dalla pioggia. E\u2019 appesa a elementi sovrapposti (n. 24). Le forme mobili sono colorate diversamente, per esempio: grigie da un lato e a righe bianche e rosse dall\u2019altro, oppure bianche e nere, gialle e nere, sfumate, ecc. Il tipo allungato caratteristico di questa macchina permette movimenti in senso contrario penetrando in uno strato d\u2019aria a pi\u00f9 correnti.<\/p>\n

La macchina F-3 \u00e8 anch\u2019essa da terrazza, a movimento pendolare.<\/p>\n

La macchina F-4 \u00e8 da giardino, a pi\u00f9 movimenti: un filo d\u2019acciaio attorcigliato ad un asta mette in moto una forma plastica; questa girando crea degli spostamenti d\u2019aria che azionano un’altra forma fissata in un telaio.<\/p>\n

Nelle macchine inutili ogni pezzo deve avere la sua funzione logica tanto in rapporto al movimento quanto al senso artistico di proporzione, di colore e di forma; e tutto l\u2019assieme deve essere l\u2019armonica fusione plastica, pittura e moto. Plastica intesa come forma geometrica: esatto equilibrio di forme, di spazi, di volumi; chiaro e scuro. Pittura intesa come colore: esatto equilibrio di colori, (un colore in curva ha un valore diverso di un colore piano). Moto allo stato puro: ritmo, senso del moto; (cio\u00e8: una persona che cammina e una che danza; moto utile e moto inutile) il moto di una macchina inutile deve essere il cuore della costruzione, il punto vitale.<\/p>\n

Una macchina inutile che non rappresenti assolutamente nulla \u00e8 il congegno ideale grazie a cui possiamo tranquillamente far rinascere la nostra fantasia, quotidianamente afflitta dalle macchine utili.<\/p>\n

MUNARI<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bruno Munari justifies useless machines
\nWhat are unnecessary machines and why<\/p>\n

Let’s first agree on the function of useless machines: that they are machines there is no doubt, given that the lever is a machine, commonly called “that piece of iron there”. The adjective “useless” remains to be clarified: useless because they do not manufacture, they do not eliminate manpower, they do not save time and money, they do not produce anything marketable.<\/p>\n

They are nothing more than colored movable objects, specially designed to obtain some specific variety of combinations, movements, shapes and colors. Objects to look at as you look at a drifting group of clouds after being stuck seven hours inside a workshop of useful machines.<\/p>\n

The first useless machines were more complicated and with halting, perturbed movements, while the latter, simplified, find their engine in natural phenomena, such as air movements, changes in temperature, humidity, light and shadow, etc., assuming the aspect of one’s life comparable to the movement of the grasses of a field, to the changing of the clouds, to the rolling of a stone in a stream. There can be very slow or very fast machines, with infinite variety of movements, garden machines, from home, hanging from the ceiling, floating in a pond, table, terrace and perhaps pocket-sized. The important thing is that they are absolutely useless.<\/p>\n

The no. 21 is a tall neutral gray iron and wood garden machine; a red sphere, located at the end of one of the three supporting legs, has behind it a mobile part with coupled white and black elements, which, driven by the wind, turn more or less quickly forming a changing background of grays for the aforementioned red sphere. In the evening a slight white light illuminates this part.<\/p>\n

The machine no. 19 is for the home and should be hung on a smooth, light green ceiling which forms the background. Three elements of different shapes and colors rotate slowly around a golden glass sphere immobile in the center. Irregular planetary movement.<\/p>\n

The RGA9 is a garden machine, in white concrete and aluminum, with forced air flow movement. In the evening the phosphorescent platform lights up the machine. Height three meters.<\/p>\n

And what is Calder’s “mobile” (this is American; Calder was an animated film designer, now a builder of useless machines that he calls “my furniture”)? An iron machine, where two differently colored spheres move according to an obligatory trajectory, limited movement using gravity.<\/p>\n

The machine n. 23 is floating with slight movements of a black rudder around the white and red complex of the mast and tie rods. Height from one to seven meters.<\/p>\n

And here is a small useless table machine with internal movement of a fast turbine with black and white blades. The plastic part is obtained from one of those gourds that are used by certain farmers to contain water, the mobile part and the legs are in painted wood. (No. 11).<\/p>\n

The F-1 machine is for the terrace, in painted wood, with mobile elements activated by the wind or rain. It hangs on overlapping elements (n. 24). The mobile shapes are colored differently, for example: gray on one side and white and red stripes on the other, or white and black, yellow and black, shaded, etc. The elongated type characteristic of this machine allows movements in the opposite direction by penetrating a layer of air with multiple currents.<\/p>\n

The F-3 machine is also for the terrace with a pendular movement.<\/p>\n

The F-4 machine is for the garden, with multiple movements: a steel wire twisted to a rod sets in motion a plastic shape; this turning creates air movements that activate another shape fixed in a frame.<\/p>\n

In useless machines, each piece must have its logical function both in relation to movement and to the artistic sense of proportion, color and shape; and the whole assembly must be the harmonic fusion of plastic, paint and motion. Plastic intended as a geometric shape: exact balance of shapes, spaces, volumes; light and dark. Painting intended as color: exact balance of colors, (a curve color has a different value than a flat color). Pure motion: rhythm, sense of motion; (ie: a person who walks and one who dances; useful motion and useless motion) the motion of a useless machine must be the heart of the building, the vital point.<\/p>\n

A useless machine that represents absolutely nothing is the ideal device thanks to which we can safely revive our fantasy, daily afflicted by useful machines.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

MUNARI Che cosa sono le macchine inutili e perch\u00e9 Mettiamoci prima d\u2019accordo sulla funzione delle macchine inutili: che siano macchine non c\u2019\u00e8 dubbio, dato che \u00e8 una macchina la leva, volgarmente detta \u201cquel pezzo di ferro l\u00ec\u201d. Resta da chiarire l\u2019aggettivo \u201cinutile\u201d: inutili perch\u00e9 non fabbricano, non eliminano manodopera, non fanno economizzare tempo e denaro, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-693","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorised"],"yoast_head":"\nBruno Munari justifies useless machines | Artmaker Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Bruno Munari justifies useless machines | Artmaker Blog\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/toshareproject.it\/artmakerblog\/bruno-munari-justifies-useless-machines\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Bruno Munari justifies useless machines | Artmaker Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Bruno Munari justifies useless machines | Artmaker Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/toshareproject.it\/artmakerblog\/bruno-munari-justifies-useless-machines\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Artmaker Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2021-08-22T14:52:36+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Bruce Sterling\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Estimated reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"7 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/toshareproject.it\/artmakerblog\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/toshareproject.it\/artmakerblog\/\",\"name\":\"Artmaker Blog\",\"description\":\"on Toshareproject.it - 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